Analysis Essay

I. Frethorne, Richard. On Indentured Servitude. Edited by Howard Zinn, Anthony Arnove. New York, NY: Seven Stories Press, 2009 II. Frethorne talks about his miserable experience to be an indentured server. He writes the letter to his parents and describes the horrendous conditions he is in. Frethorne states some vital facts. He also writes that people who suffer as indentured servants are willing to lose either leg or arm but to move back to England. According to Frethrone he is working on plantation somewhere in Virginia that is located about ten miles away from Jamestown. He is begging his parents to either send him some money for good living or help him to return to England. Richard Frethorne emphasizes that his life depends on his parents and he hopes that his family is doing fine. III. Richard Frethorne’s letter provides and illuminating picture of the hardships of colonization in the early seventeenth century, especially for the class of indentured servants. Combating isolation, disease, homesickness, hunger and discomfort, Frethorne and his fellow settlers struggled to make a success of their fledgling community. Life in early Virginia was particularly challenging because of the shortage of supplies, the prevalence of disease, and tense relations with the Native Americans. The source is relevant to our course because it describes the social issue that was discussed in our class. Indentured servitude was cheaper for the rulers of British Empire before the moment when indentured servants became capable of surviving the seven-year period and acquiring the land that was promised to them. After that moment slavery of African Americans was demanded. IV. This source influences the interpretation of the historical narrative by providing extra information about the real situation in the colonies. People in England thought that indentured servitude was not a dangerous thing and was an easy way of claiming some land in America. However, Frethorn’s letter to his parents proves the opposite of what was thought. By provided examples of harsh conditions he states that all the servants who already arrived to America had desire to move back to England. He has no money to live. He is starving and afraid of the Indians invading, he begs his parents to hurry up and help his soon for his life depends on it. Of course there is possibility of poor Frethorne to exaggerate because the letter was addressed to his parents; therefore, he has a good discretion of what it might have been like to live  in New England at the time he was there in 1623. Indentured Servitude was a form of slavery but with a better name instead of calling things wit h its names.

Explore how Carol Churchill presents woman in the role of mother in “Top Girls”

In the first act, Churchill has created a surreal environment for all of the women. We find, during the course of the meal, that all of the women have things in common. Each of the women had children apart from Isabella. Lady Nijo and Griselda however, had to live without knowing their children because of their husbands, in both cases the husbands removed the children. Dull Gret is slightly different, she experienced living with her children and bringing them up, however her oldest and youngest were killed during war. Pope Joan does not know what happened to her baby, as she was stoned to death as soon as she gave birth, she assumes they killed it. Marlene, the leader of the women had a completely different story to tell, however she does not talk of it during Act One. Marlene became pregnant at 17 and let her sister, Joyce adopt the baby because at the time Joyce could not become pregnant. Marlene has since, had two abortions. Griselda, Lady Nijo and Marlene are all similar in the fact that they all had to sacrifice their children for a particular reason. Griselda sacrificed her children to make the man she loved happy. Griselda does not arrive to the meal until quite late, the other women are all drunk and merry and Griselda appears un noticed. She appears polite but shy and does not want to make a fuss but eventually gives into a pudding, â€Å"Oh if everyone is. I don't mind. † Marlene automatically puts her in the spot light by introducing her as having the â€Å"fairy-story† life. All of the women become interested in Griselda's story and begin questioning it. Griselda, whilst talking appears still faithful to the Marquis, â€Å"But of course a wife must obey her husband. And of course I must obey the Marquis. Throughout the story of Griselda's life, Marlene acts as if she is almost showing off that she already knows the story, â€Å"Oh, you wait. † This shows that Marlene feels a need to be included and in control at all times. Unlike Lady Nijo, Griselda spent six weeks with her first born, a girl, Nijo finds this hard to believe, â€Å"Much better to do it straight away . † Only Nijo truly understands Griselda's life and she has been put in the same position, Marlene finds it an outrage that she let the Walter take her baby, â€Å"Walter was bonkers† and obviously, it will be hard for Gret to accept as she brought up her own children, â€Å"Bastard†. Even when everybody else is being un fair and negative about Walter, Griselda remains with her upbeat attitude, whilst still shy she shows her feelings. Griselda takes up much of the conversation when she arrives, and when this conversation has ended she doesn't talk much more. Throughout Act One and throughout Griselda's life story Lady Nijo listens, and doesn't talk an awful lot about her background and history. She talks about her past in and amongst everyone else's conversation, although they listen to her, they do not pay as much attention to her as they do to Griselda. Lady Nijo does not appear as hurt and as faithful to her children as Griselda did to hers, this is probably because Griselda spent a short time with her children and Nijo did not. Lady Nijo's first baby was Akenbono's, a girl and he received it and brought it up with his wife. Her second, was to an unknown and the third and fourth children were Ariake the priests. Nijo never saw her third child after it was born and admits feeling nothing at all for her third son, her fourth child. I think that this is because Ariake had died before the birth and she was still grieving him, â€Å"I didn't want to see anyone. In Act Two Scene Two we are introduced to Marlene, a character brought in from Act One, Joyce, Marlene's sister, Angie, Joyce's daughter and Marlene's niece and Kit, Angie's friend. The following scene concentrates mainly on Marlene's niece, Angie and her younger friend, Kit. We begin to realise that Angie maybe slightly â€Å"simple† and troubled as she talks to Kit about controlling objects with her mind and things falling from the walls in her house, â€Å"Last night I was in bed and suddenly a picture fell down off the wall. The pair continually ignore Angie's mother, Joyce, shouting them from the house. This shows disrespect of the children to their mother. The childlike attitude of the children continues throughout the play, they continue to ignore the mother shouting and continue bantering as children would, â€Å"I don't want her to like me. † This eventually progresses into Angie suggesting that Joyce is not her biological mother, and Marlene, her aunt, is. â€Å"I think I'm my aunts child. I think my mother's really my aunt. For a girl of Angie's mentality to suggest something as complex as this must suggest that her and Joyce do not have a loving, sharing relationship, however, Angie's only explanation for this suggestion is â€Å"my mother hates her. † We learn further on in Scene Two that Joyce does not think very highly of Angie â€Å"I don't know who'd have her, mind. † This seems stranger for a mother to say to another child about her own daughter. This is possibly where Churchill is trying to insinuate that, at heart, Joyce does not care for her child as much as a normal mother would. Showing cracks in the couples, mother daughter relationship. Another loss of respect between Joyce and Angie is shown when Joyce calls her a â€Å"Fucking rotten little cunt. † And states â€Å"You can stay there and die†, this either shows that Joyce is now sick of Angie not listening to her or if she just does not have enough respect for her. Act Three actually happens a year before Act Two happens. Therefore the old dress that Angie puts on in Act Two, is the dress that Marlene gives her as a present in Act Three. Marlene and Joyce seem to have an awkward relationship, they are constantly bickering when Marlene first arrives, â€Å"I don't mind seeing you. â€Å"Great, I feel really welcome. † The pair wait until Angie has gone to bed before talking about her and her life, Angie refuses to go to sleep fore quite a while because her aunty is there, but eventually she gives in. Joyce then begins to talk about Angie, â€Å"I don't know how you could leave your own child. â€Å", Marlene does not react badly to this vici ous statement, she simply replies, â€Å"You were quick enough to take her. † I feel that this shows that Marlene does not know how much Joyce has done for her. She obviously does not appreciate that Joyce has brought Angie up the best that she could so that Marlene could move away and concentrate on her career. Joyce begins to take ownership of Angie as the argument continues, showing that she has a bond with her child, motherly love. â€Å"Course I do, she's my child. † Instead of moving away and getting a job and making money, Joyce took Marlene's baby and gave it a life. The relationship between Marlene and Joyce begins to break up as the two begin to blame each other for the mistakes they have made in life, â€Å"I did get pregnant and I lost it because I was so tired looking after your fucking baby. The Act ends with Joyce and Marlene apologising and Joyce going to bed, leaving Marlene alone to have another drink. Angie then wakes up calling for her mother and walks downstairs, when Angie realises that its Marlene sat there and Joyce has gone to bed she only mutters two words, â€Å"frightening† â€Å"frightening† . This symbolises Angie's weirdness and simple mindedness. Is she speaking about the conversation between Joyce and Marlene or is she speaking about the fact that she thought Marlene was her mother ?

Use of differential scanning fluorimetry as a high-throughput assay to Article

Use of differential scanning fluorimetry as a high-throughput assay to identify nuclear receptor ligands - Article Example As a partial solution to this problem differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) is normally used. This technique allows for the identification of conditions that enhance the stability of proteins. DSF is used for this process as it allows possible ligands that have not been modified to be screened as 10 µL reactions in 96-well format against partially purified protein, revealing particular interactors. The researchers aim to find out whether differential scanning fluorimetry permits screening without modification of either the protein and/or the ligand in a high-throughput fashion using a commercially-available nuclear receptor ligand candidate chemical library. The researchers attempt to identify interactors of the human estrogen receptor ? ligand binding domain (ER? LBD). They will also investigate whether compounds that come into contact with the ligand stabilize the protein and lead to an increase of the thermal denaturation point. This process will be monitored using the SYPRO d ye which is able to detect even slight environmental changes. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that exist in all metazoa that control cellular activities. Incidentally, the activities of NRs are regulated by interactions that occur between small-molecule ligands and a structurally-conserved ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the NR. This interaction induce structural changes resulting in new interaction surfaces for the recruitment of transcriptional co-activators and/or co-repressors. A lot of attention has been focused on the identification of ligands that bind to NRs and this is pushed by two main factors: i. Identification of natural ligands of a given NR is important in comprehending the role of the NR within the organism, particularly when the ligand of the NR is not clearly known or understood; ii. Identification of the ligands is important in the development of drugs and has led to a rise of different techniques each with known strengths a nd weaknesses (DeSantis et al. 2). Differential scanning technologies permit identification of conditions that improve the stability of proteins. The conversion from native to denatured protein is measured in relation to temperature changes. Two differential scanning techniques that can be used are scattering (Differential Scanning Light Scattering) or the fluorescence of an environmentally-sensitive dye (Differential Scanning Fluorescence – DSF). The techniques allow for the variation of a number of variables such as pH, salt, addition of small molecules (Schulman and Heyman 642). Cell conditions that result into a shift of proteins to higher denaturation temperature are identified as â€Å"stabilizing† conditions. This knowledge has been used to create conditions that are optimal for crystal growth (Vedadi et al., 2006). Other studies have used this technique to establish that peptides can shift the denaturation point of proteins to a higher temperature. This paper a ttempts to show that DSF can be used to successfully identify known interactors of the estrogen receptor ? (ER?) from a commercially available compound library. MATERIALS AND METHODS i. Reagents and instruments His6-hER? LDB (302-552) expression vector Terrific Broth IPTG EDTA-Free Protease Inhibitor Tablets Branson Sonifier 450 Ni-NTA Superflow ?-estradiol pET15b Sypro Orange, 5000X CFX96 Real-Time PCR System Nuclear Receptor Ligand Library BML-2802 ii. Methods The first step in this study was the

Free Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Free Speech - Essay Example The concept of free speech is one which is initiated as it protects the right of human beings to have a sense of freedom. When one is able to express themselves through communication, thoughts and opinions, it becomes a freedom. This is furthered by the ability to protect the communication and the rights of individuals to the expression. The meaning of free speech isn’t one which is based on the opinions or ideals of an individual. Instead, it is the freedom of communication and expression which remains important. If this is regulated or taken away, then it creates a lack of freedom of expression and impacts the level of freedom which one has. If the freedom of speech is taken away, it ultimately leads away from having a free society in one of the most important forms of expression and communication (Sedler, 377). The concept of living in a free society through the use of expression and communication is furthered with the ideal of using communication as a way for an individual to protect other rights. If one is able to make a statement about what is wrong in a given situation, then this becomes a protection toward a given situation or circumstance.

Russia In Central Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russia In Central Asia - Essay Example e themselves under the tag of â€Å"Central Asia† and rejected their traditional Soviet designation â€Å"Srednieia Aziia I Kazakhstan† (i.e., â€Å"Middle Asia and Kazakhstan†) (Rosset and Svarin 245). The declaration was the first step of these states towards establishing own identity and reduce the Soviet influence. However, economics and politics have been strongly interwoven in the rich historical relationship between Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan) and Russia, which couldn’t separated so easily (Rosset and Svarin 245-247). The current active political involvement of Russia in Central Asia is based on various political and economical interests. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Current Russia’s role in Central Asian region, historical background, political structure, issues, and Russian policies towards Central Asia. Russia’s political interests in Central Asia over the last 20 years can be distinguished into three basic periods. During the initial period, i.e. from the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 to the mid-1990s, Russia had neither any interest in Central Asian region nor any foreign policy to deal with the Central Asian states. The negligence towards Central Asia was economical, political, cultural, and even ideological (Oliphant 3). The second period, from the mid-1990s to the late 1990s, witnessed a change in Russia’s approach and was highly influenced by the Primakov’s principle to reestablish Russia’s influence in the former Soviet states (Oliphant 3). This policy was partially successful. The third period can be categorized from the beginning of Putin administration in 2000 till the present, focusing on the Russia’s active engagement in Central Asia (Oliphant 3). Russia’s growing involvement in the region has political, security, and economi c dimensions. Massive numbers of Russian armed forces were presented in the Central Asia during the early 1990s. All newly created Central

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Islam - Essay Example These are the five most fundamental requirements every body has to fulfill in the capacity of being a Muslim. In order to express faith in Allah and Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), or in other words, in order to be a Muslim, one has to say the Kalma. After saying the Kalma, one becomes a Muslim. As a Muslim, one is obliged to say Salaat five times a day. One is obliged to fast in the month of Ramadan, though one may fast off and on or on a regular basis in addition to Ramadan. One should give Zakat to people and perform Hajj if one has enough money or if one can make it anyway. Shi’as and Sunnis both have same beliefs. Both believe in the five pillars of Islam and have Quran as the Holy Book, though the two differ in their understanding of the way things happened in the Islamic history. The fundamental cause of division was the choice of the leader for the Muslim community after the last Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). Sunnis believe that Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) had chosen Abu B akr as the leader whereas Shi’as argue that Ali should have been elected as the leader (BBC). Quran is the Holy Book written by Allah, the creator of universe and everything in it. Each and every word in Quran comes straight from Allah through Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.).

In what ways may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge in the Essay

In what ways may disagreement aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences - Essay Example However, from the past, they solely relied on empirical evidence and analysis in the absence of enhanced gadgets and technologies. They were challenged to do almost the impossible because they were motivated to think outside the box so as to discover new learning, idea or concept. Outstandingly, Maslow managed to interpret the hierarchy of the human needs, but other psychologists believe that there are other important points that one could use to explain â€Å"motivation.† Understanding motivation requires knowing human’s complex emotions and personality. One, therefore, should expect that this area of academic interest should involve myriads of ideas that have to be taken into account prior to forming concrete information on the whole thought about human needs and motivation. It is, therefore, clear that disagreements involved in pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences could provide a substantial advantage not just for the preservation of the body of kno wledge but for taking it to the next level in an upward spiral. It is, thus, the main concern in this paper to explicate the ways on how disagreements aid the pursuit of knowledge in the natural and human sciences. ... Empirical evidence in this area is a significant requirement in order to prove that something like important claims concerning certain ideas, events, observations or concepts potentially exist. However, various other thoughts using empirical scientific inquiry sometimes would put each other in a clash, leading to a significant consideration about the situation. Let us take the case behind Genetically Modified (GM) crops. Just before the end of 2012, in September, Monsanto was bombarded with another controversial issue concerning the safety of their products. A study from French scientists revealed that Monsanto’s genetically modified corn or top-selling weedkiller was found to cause rat mortality due to tumors, multiple organ damage and premature death (Palma). The implication of this result could lead to the idea that Monsanto’s top-selling weedkiller GM crops might have a potential impending toxicity level that could be detrimental to the human health. Rumors were abl e to spread concerning this report leading to the point that there is a need to consider further investigations on the actual methodology used in the entire research process, and to initiate other series or relevant independent studies so as to confirm the reliability of the published results. There are more other potential concerns aside from these. However, it is also good to look at the side of Monsanto, particularly at their strong stand on GM crops, stating that their safety is the same with existing food crops, so they do not exactly make a difference (Monsanto Company). Monsanto remarkably offered a high level of confidence in their GM crops because they also initiated relevant scientific inquiries in order to prove the safety of their product offerings. Any

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Question - Essay Example They even ruled Egypt on numerous occasions all through history, either mutually with their husbands, sons or in their right (Gay 33). They were decisive, formidable and competent in that responsibility. Unlike the place of women in many other ancient cultures, like that of Greece, the Egyptian woman appears to have benefited from the same economic and legal rights like the Egyptian man. The women were allowed additional rights and civil liberties than Greek women that were required to live in a less equivalent Greek system (Gay 42). In Sparta, young women were educated in writing and reading and could take part in sports; they were considered more as equals to men. The aim was to generate women who would give birth to strong, healthy babies. At age 18, citizen women had freedom of moving around while enjoying a great deal of freedom. Spartan women could control and own their wealth. In war times, the wife was anticipated to manage her husbands property and to protect it against revolts and invaders until her husband came back. It is only in Sparta did the women had economic influence and power. Moreover, their husbands listened to them (David, Murray and Brody 172). On the other hand, Athenian girls and women were kept at home without taking part in politics or sports. Wives were regarded as their husband’s property and were responsible for weaving spinning, and other domestic arts. Some women had high posts in the custom events as well as Athens’ religious life where the patron was the goddess Athena. Most wealthy women were mostly restricted to staying at home and running the household except courtesans and prostitutes (David, Murray and Brody 354). Women had fewer rights in male-governed Athens, and their treatment was at times hardly better than that of domestic slaves. Generalizations on the women status in the ancient world are usually tricky, and

Public private partnerships in healthcare sector in middle income Literature review

Public private partnerships in healthcare sector in middle income countries - Literature review Example As well, theoretical as well as empirical studies point to the potential contribution of private sector to reforms aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of health systems. The focus of the study is the increased focus of public-private partnerships (PPP) as a way of increasing capital finance as well as improving the efficiency and quality of service provision in low and middle-income countries. The partnership involves the public sector entering into long-term contract with private sector in order to enable the public sector access private capital for building and renovating health facilities and agreeing to deliver services over the contract period. Such contracts are designed and agreed upon some pre-determined specifications of the required outputs and define the financial, working and clinical standards, which the private sector has to meet. In low and middle-income nations, governments remain the ultimate funder of health care by making periodic payments to private s ector in return for services delivered (Hellowell, 2012 p.71). Public-private partnership is an institutional arrangement built on foundation of fresh public management that claims objectives such as improved efficiency, quality as well as competition of public sector services. In striving to achieve these objectives, PPP aims at achieving value for money while reducing the demands on the state budget by involving the private sector in provision of traditional infrastructure services like health care. Adoption of PPP policy within industrialized nations is often viewed as a tool for further development of public services, while its application in developing nations is a way for reducing poverty and improving the service offered to citizens in such nations. Early 1990s PPPs policy was widely adopted in industrialized nations like USA, UK and Australia; nevertheless, this policy has been diffused in developing nations (Appuhami, Perera & Perera, 2011, p.431). The approach of PPP is at tractive to developing countries that often experience macro-economic problems like poor infrastructure that burden the government budgets and excessive government budget. State-based healthcare service provision and private sector health services have existed together in various low and middle-income nations for decades with many nations having a huge portion of healthcare spending paid by the state. Private providers are heterogonous made up of formal business entities like independent hospitals, informal entities that include unlicensed providers as well as non-profit and non-governmental organizations (Basu, Andrews, Kishore, Panjabi & Stuckler, 2012, p.3). Various studies have disaggregated consumption of health care by income levels and appeared to show that the private sector mainly provide health services to more affluent populations. In the emerging economies, some nations are taking bold steps with the PPP’s by indulging the private sector in both infrastructures re newal and delivery of clinical services in the integrated partnership. Health care is a labour-intensive industry where clinical and ancillary services absorb most the expenditure allotted to many health systems; therefore integrating clinical services with provision of capital infrastructure in PPP offer unique opportunity for

Pure Cultures Lab Essay Example for Free

Pure Cultures Lab Essay Introduction : Pure cultures are made of only one type of organisms and can be used to study their properties. A method used to isolate pure cultures is making a steak-plate, which is a dilution process in which culture is spread over an agar plate in a certain manner. Using a loop rod, culture was taken from the tube and dragged across area 1 several time,of the agar. The agar was then turned 90Â º, and the loop was flamed and cooled. Taking some culture from area 1, it was dragged over area two,and the same steps were done for areas 3 and 4. Another technique used was spread-plate, where the same culture is spread over the agar plate using a sterile L-shaped bent glass rod. The rod was dipped in 95% ethyl alcohol and flamed to sterlize. The nutrient agar was then placed on the plate, and spread with rod. An environmental plate was used to test the cultures of a random object, in our experiment, it was the ocular lens of a microscope. A cotton swab was dipped into sterile water, and a random item of our choice was swabbed. After mixing the swab back in the water, the contaminated water was applied to a spread plate. Results: See attached Discussion: All the plates were successful is isolating the pure cultures except the environmental. The reason for this may have been that there was no bacteria, due to the fact they had been recently cleaned. The slant agars were able to pick up on the bacteria to show the growth. The vial that had bright yellow bacteria growing was M.leuteus, showing the successful isolation and identification. Other vials that had M.Letues and S.marcescenes had a very slight shade of bacteria growth. Questions: 1. No because a when a broth culture is used, it has not been inoculated from a pure culture, the only way would be to use a streaking method or spread plate. A mix culture slant is hard to isolate, because bacteria is clumped together, getting a single colony is difficult. These may cause contamination to the bacteria during the inoculation period. 2. If there was more culture in quadrant 4 than 3, it is due to the loop being dragged back into quadrant 1. The nutrient agar that was in 1 came back to 4, and showed more culture.

Advantages Of The Issues Of Bonus Shares Finance Essay

Advantages Of The Issues Of Bonus Shares Finance Essay The term bonus issue also called as stock dividend means an extra dividend paid to shareholders in a company from additional profits. When large fund gets accumulated out of profits of a company much beyond its expectations and needs, the companys directors may decide to share out a part of it among the existent shareholders of company in the form of bonus. Bonus can be paid in two forms either in cash or in form of shares. The company pays cash bonus when it gains large amount of profits as well as cash to pay dividend. But many a times, it happens that a company is not in a position to pay bonus in cash though it has enough amounts of profits because of poor cash position or because of its unfavorable effects on the working capital of the company. In such a situation, the company pays a bonus to its shareholders in the form of shares; a free share thus issued is known as a bonus share. A bonus share is a free share of stock given to current/existing shareholders in a company, based upon the number of shares that the shareholder already owns at the time of announcement of the bonus. The important point here is, that the issue of bonus shares only increases the total number of shares issued and owned, but it does affect the value of the company at all. Certain classes of shares only are allowed to bonus issues and it depends on the constitutional documents of respected company. Bonus share is free share in fixed ratio to the shareholders. For example ABC ltd. issues bonus share in 1:1 ratio where the dividend is 20% and Rs.10.00 as face value dividend/share this means that the company will be giving Rs. 2 of dividend per share and with bonus share it goes double i.e. Rs. 4 as one free share is given to shareholder based upon the number of shares he/she already has. Sometimes a company may change the number of shares in issue by capitalizing its reserve. In other words, it can convert the right of the shareholders because each individual will hold the same proportion of the outstanding shares as before. Main reason for issuance is the price of the existing share has become unwieldy. Advantages of issue of bonus shares: To the company: Conservation of Cash: In issuing bonus shares, cash outflow is not at all involved. The company can retain earnings as well as satisfy the desire of the shareholders to receive dividend. Keeps the EPS at a reasonable level: Company may face problems having high earning per share both from employees and consumers. Employees may feel that they are underpaid. While consumers may feel that they are being charged too high for the companys products. Issue of bonus shares increases the number of shares and reduces the earning per share. Increases the marketability of companys shares: Issue of bonus shares reduces the market price per share. Enhances prestige of the company: By issuing bonus shares, the company increases its credit standing and its borrowing capacity. It reflects financial strength of the company. It helps in financing its projects: By issuing bonus shares, the expansion and other projects of a company can be easily financed. The company need not depend on outside agencies for finances. To the Shareholders: Tax benefits: When a shareholder receives dividend in cash, it adds to his total income and is taxed at usual income tax rates. Indication of higher future profits: Issue of bonus shares is generally an indication of higher future profits. Increase in future dividend: The shareholder will get more dividends in the future even if the company continues to offer existing cash dividend per share. High psychological value: Issue of bonus shares is usually perceived positively by the market. Limitations of Bonus Issues: For the company: After the issue of the bonus shares the shareholders expectation of increment in the existing rate of dividend per share continues. It becomes really a challenging task for the company to retain the existing rate of dividend per share. Issue of bonus shares prevents new investors from becoming the shareholders of the company. For shareholders: Some shareholders may prefer cash dividend to stock dividend, such shareholders may feel disappointed (no doubt they can very well sell their bonus shares and get their money). Dividend Tax Policy in India: Before 1997 in India, dividends were taxed in hands of the shareholders. They used to disclose the dividend income under the head Income from Other Sources and then used to pay tax on dividend at a rate that depended on their individual tax bracket. After 1997, Government of India introduced the dividend distribution tax, according to which, when company announces dividends, it also pays the dividend distribution tax directly to the Government of India. Therefore, shareholders do not have to pay any tax they receive. The Finance Act, 1997 introduced the dividend distribution tax for the first time in India and under this system, companies used to pay dividend distribution tax directly at the rate of 10%. Here, this act benefited to those shareholders who fell in the higher than 10% tax bracket. The 2002-03 Budget reverted back to the earlier system for one year where dividends were again taxed in hands of shareholders. However, the 2003-04 Budget reintroduced the dividend distribution tax rate in India but at a higher rate of 12.5% plus surcharges. And currently the effective dividend distribution tax rate in India is 16.609%.

My Senior Year of High School Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Having spent twelve years of my school life in just one small red brick building, the years tend to fade into each other. But the year I remember most clearly and significantly is my senior year of high school, where I finally began to appreciate what this institution offered to any student who stopped to look. Before, school had been a chore, many times I simply did not feel motivated toward a subject enough to do the homework well, and seeing the same familiar faces around ever since I was 5 years old grew very tiring soon enough. But I began to see things from a different angle once I became a senior. First of all, there are roughly only 800 students in my entire school, from kindergarten up to upperclassmen and women, and my graduating class of a mere 67 was the biggest in my school's history. So you were forever running into everyone you knew, and who you had known for your whole life. At times this was comforting, at others, slightly claustrophobic. After a while it was easy to feel that you knew practically everyone's middle name or favorite movie, and it was impossible to...

God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay -- Argumentative P

God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance One of the most controversial issues, if â€Å"Under God† should remain in the pledge, and if children should be required to say it, went to court a few weeks ago. The argument was brought to court by Michael Newdow, the father to the girl on whose behalf the lawsuit was brought forward. Newdow argued in court and on many different public speaking occasions that knowing his child is being led to say â€Å"One nation under God† on a daily basis makes him feel â€Å"Disenfranchised†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). He points out that â€Å"The Pledge, which has â€Å"liberty for all† is being used to inculcate his daughter in a religious worldview he cannot accept†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). This means that the state is trying to educate his daughter on religion, and therefore â€Å"Under God† is unconstitutional. Michael Newdow does not have custody of his daughter; he is an atheist who feels his daughter is not being treated fairly because she is of the minority belief in religion. His wife a born again Christian, says their daughter has no trouble including God in the Pledge of Allegiance. Their daughter is in the second grade, she has informed her mother that she is comfortable reciting the pledge, her father made this claim based on his own feelings. As long as the statement â€Å"Under God† is not offending anyone it should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance to be recited by all willing students and teachers. The constitution assures immunity to anyone who offends any other human being in practicing their own religious beliefs or if they were to offend the religious views of others, if they are the majority or minority. The constitution does not however guarantee an exemption from doing what socie... ... opinion. The words â€Å"Under God† is not meant to directly offend anyone. It should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance for those willing participants to recite. Bibliography Ager, Susan. â€Å"Pledge of Allegiance Deserves Attention†. Monterey Country The Herald. 2 April 2004 Hamilton, Marci A. â€Å" Why the Department of Justice is wrong to support ‘Under God’†. Posted 2:10 PM EST. 26 March 2004. Harrison, Maureen. Gilbert, Steve. Landmark Decisions of the United States Supreme Court II. La Jolla, California. Copyright 1992. By Excellent Books. Muqaribu, Mudhillun. Letter. New York Times. Published 3/29/2004. Late Edition. Final Section A. Column 6. Page 20. Taylor, Bonnie B. Education and the Law. Contemporary Legal Issues. Santa Barbara, California. Copyright 1996. Pg. 252-253 God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance Essay -- Argumentative P God Should Remain in the Pledge of Allegiance One of the most controversial issues, if â€Å"Under God† should remain in the pledge, and if children should be required to say it, went to court a few weeks ago. The argument was brought to court by Michael Newdow, the father to the girl on whose behalf the lawsuit was brought forward. Newdow argued in court and on many different public speaking occasions that knowing his child is being led to say â€Å"One nation under God† on a daily basis makes him feel â€Å"Disenfranchised†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). He points out that â€Å"The Pledge, which has â€Å"liberty for all† is being used to inculcate his daughter in a religious worldview he cannot accept†. (Hamilton, Marci A. CNN Special). This means that the state is trying to educate his daughter on religion, and therefore â€Å"Under God† is unconstitutional. Michael Newdow does not have custody of his daughter; he is an atheist who feels his daughter is not being treated fairly because she is of the minority belief in religion. His wife a born again Christian, says their daughter has no trouble including God in the Pledge of Allegiance. Their daughter is in the second grade, she has informed her mother that she is comfortable reciting the pledge, her father made this claim based on his own feelings. As long as the statement â€Å"Under God† is not offending anyone it should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance to be recited by all willing students and teachers. The constitution assures immunity to anyone who offends any other human being in practicing their own religious beliefs or if they were to offend the religious views of others, if they are the majority or minority. The constitution does not however guarantee an exemption from doing what socie... ... opinion. The words â€Å"Under God† is not meant to directly offend anyone. It should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance for those willing participants to recite. Bibliography Ager, Susan. â€Å"Pledge of Allegiance Deserves Attention†. Monterey Country The Herald. 2 April 2004 Hamilton, Marci A. â€Å" Why the Department of Justice is wrong to support ‘Under God’†. Posted 2:10 PM EST. 26 March 2004. Harrison, Maureen. Gilbert, Steve. Landmark Decisions of the United States Supreme Court II. La Jolla, California. Copyright 1992. By Excellent Books. Muqaribu, Mudhillun. Letter. New York Times. Published 3/29/2004. Late Edition. Final Section A. Column 6. Page 20. Taylor, Bonnie B. Education and the Law. Contemporary Legal Issues. Santa Barbara, California. Copyright 1996. Pg. 252-253

Defining and Preserving the Well-Being of the Cree: waamistikushiiu v. miyupimaatisiiun :: Essays Papers

Defining and Preserving the Well-Being of the Cree: waamistikushiiu v. miyupimaatisiiun For the Cree, health is more than individual physiology. Health is definied by miyupimaatisiiun, a complex word that refers to an individual's enriching connection to his community and his natural environment. Miyupimaatisiiun can be interpreted as "being-alive well," a condition that includes the safety and security of family, friends and tribal members, as well as for the resources the Cree depend on to survive. Thus, the health of the Cree becomes a political entity, defined through challenging â€Å"environmental, social, political† as well as physiological threats to traditional life. Politcially, the term signifies â€Å"the ability to negotiate the obstacles that threaten the survival of the Cree† (57). To understand the significance of Cree health, there is much to be said for cultural definition through opposition. The key element of waamistikushiiu, or "whiteman health," that distinctly separates it from the miyupimaatisiiun is its numbing divorce from the earth. Removed from a lifestyle of hunting and dwelling in the bush, waamistikushiiu life is by and large unattached to the intimate land-life story of the Cree people. Without such a story, â€Å"whiteman health† is alien and blind in Adelson’s ‘Being Alive Well’. Perhaps most significantly, waamistikushiiu health stubbornly denies the existence of other definitions of human health. Defined by individual physiology, waamistikushiiu health is universally evaluated against simple biomedical standards and â€Å"determined in proportion to a relative absence of disease†(5). Cree miyupimaatisiiun, however, is not a â€Å"biased and incomplete† standard of fitness, but a complex process compr ising social relations, land and cultural identity (4). In Whapmagoostui, â€Å"accidental and suicidal deaths, drug and alcohol related illnesses, infectious diseases, and chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cancer are all found- sometimes in disproportionate number-in native communities across Canada† (14). By waamistikushiiu standards, such health conditions are deplorable; yet for the Cree, these ailments readily signify a deeper, perpetual ache of land and culture. For centuries, influences of waamistikushiiu culture have altered Cree living. Devastating fur trades, land usurpation, mercury poisoning in fish and waterways, and flooding damage are only a few of the casualties to Cree life in the whiteman’s pursuit of happiness. As â€Å"the only way to acquire [miyupimaatisiiun] strength is to eat Cree food, and the only way to get Cree food is by hunting,† the Cree are bound to defy whiteman devastation of their land and assert rights to survival on their own terms (94).

Communication on the Internet

Communication on the InternetCommunication before the discovery of internet is only imparted through auditory means, body languages and manual writing. The technology of internet however gave people many options on how to communicate faster and easier. The most popular use of the Internet is communication. The creation of every technology is originally for his advantage. However, man as rational and creative beings always seek ways to make something more beneficial to them even if it is immoral.Communication seems to be the foremost target or objective of internet. Human beings can now communicate in a fraction of second with an individual who is sitting in the other part of the world with the help of plenty messenger services. People can now avail the facilities of email, friendster, facebook, myspace, chat and others. Through these social networking sites, it allows anyone to view information about them which includes photos, blogs, favorites, videos etc.It is an excellent way to k eep in touch and maintain relationships with family and friends. It is now becoming easier to widen one’s social network and establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts and ideas. Moreover, the opportunity of global friendship that the internet creates will give one an opportunity to explore other culture, tradition and social orientation. It widens people understanding about human nature, why and how things happen. Today, groups or communities have sprung up on the internet where people of common interest discuss common issues thus create shared understanding. Many people through blogs and websites share their information about their interests or hobbies. When the information has been read by someone with same hobbies and interest too, it is easy to make friends and contact. Generally, internet is becoming a friendly place that offers cheap and easy alternative to traditional methods of communication.However, internet can be very deceiving too. Pe ople can readily post wrong information about themselves to impress and get attention. There are internet users who used messaging system to create an intimate relationship with someone they don’t know and even see in person. They unconsciously seek belongingness on those people they meet through the internet. As a result, they give too much emotional attachment and trust that may result to higher expectations. In the internet, people can easily exaggerate things about themselves though the power of language.When a particular net communicator ask someone â€Å"what is the color of your hair?†, instead of saying â€Å"black hair† the receiver may say â€Å"jet black hair†. Or when being asked â€Å"what is color of your eyes?†, instead of saying â€Å"brown eyes†, the receiver may say â€Å"deep brown eyes†. The use of impressive and descriptive words has psychological effects on the receiver. He may likely create wrong impressions and expectations that when he finally meets that person, he will easily get discourage. The internet eliminates the physical aspects of relationships which are very significant to establish a connection.Communicating online is becoming a trend and face to face interaction is not already a commonplace. For those people who are less personal and interactive, they tend to use internet to create social connection. These people are most of the time have low self esteem and has lots of social anxieties. When they can’t be seen or identified, they are more willing and comfortable to open up and share true feelings. However, the receiver who doesn’t hear the tone, who doesn’t see the physical language and doesn’t feel the strength and vulnerability of its emotions, may misinterpret the meaning.As a result, the receiver is more likely to pass wrong judgment and the person giving the information is more likely to get hurt. Moreover, communication via internet instead of face to face will lessen one’s opportunity to meet new people and to create true personal friendship outside home. It will also lessen one’s chance to enhance his communication skills and to work out his social anxieties. Moreover, some people are getting addicted on internet communication that makes them set aside their physical interactions on friends and family. Communication online unconsciously encourage online courtship and friendship too which is not always effective. To fully invest emotionally with someone, there must be a constant human contact where you share experiences that will make you effectively learn together.Since you can easily lie on internet communication, the ability to escape identity is more likely to happen. People can easily fulfill their illusions about themselves via the internet. People can easily send wrong information to feel belong which resulted to losing themselves. Moreover, internet communication sometimes discourages conflict re solution. If two communicators are faced with conflicts, they can easily log off or sign off and not to deal with the issue at hand. It is postponing issues that are most of the time unhealthy.Internet is not only used to create intrapersonal relationships where you disclose something personal about yourself. Internet also becomes an effective tool in business communication. Since internet is inexpensive sometimes free, instant and reliable than conventional communication, more and more people are making business online. Some sell and promote products via the internet and some shop at home. Some has given the option to work at home through freelancing.However, one disadvantage of these conveniences provided by the internet is that it might unconsciously discourage people to make human contact. Thus, will make their experience less meaningful. An internet marketer keeps him away from human contact thus a greater possibility to feel lonely and isolated. Everybody needs to meet people and socialize. Your personal experience with them will create more rapport. You will also learn from them and get to know yourself more as well. The feedback you acquire from them is more genuine than those web savvies. Moreover, conducting online transactions will create inability of both consumers and businesses to evaluate the credibility and legitimacy of the transaction.Internet on business saves time and money. Internet through chat and electronic mails made it possible for the employees to be able to communicate with the clients and management. These apparently cut down expenses since employees or companies don’t have to spend in traveling to attend business meetings. It will also increase the productivity of the employees since the easy and instant communication via the internet will give them more time to finish more activities.However, the experience to go to places and see it yourself will be lessening. To physically and visually experience something has a greater impact and has a greater meaning. But there are also people who used internet for their own advantage through using online communication in acquiring knowledge from different kinds of people. They treat online communication as a great opportunity to gather information in an interactive manner – that includes exchanging information through personal email messages and support groups.Since communication via the internet widens one’s social network, it is inevitable sometimes that people acquire some inappropriate culture from other countries. They might be easily influenced by friends abroad who enjoy such culture. They might apply it even though it is apparently inappropriate to adapt in his own society.Communication can be very effective on the internet. However, on the internet you can not completely assume that the information is private. There are people or predators who can you’re your trust but eventually put you on dangerous situations for their own advanta ge. But on the other side, â€Å"internet makes it easier for governmental and private sector entities to obtain information about consumers and possibly use that information to the consumer’s detrimental†.

Achilles Essay

Achilles set the model or heroism in the western world. Do you think Odysseus is a better model? Why or why not? The two heroes have their different characteristics and contributions to the English Literature. They were known by their every heroism acts, honored with their people and envied by their enemies. Odysseus was portrayed as a hero by the Greek because of his many virtues and, considered as a villainous falsifier by the Romans. (http/www:wikipwedia. com). He portrayed inconstant characteristics as a hero. He’s known to be cunning and deceitful, tricky and wise. One of the most influential Greek Champions of the Trojan War, a friend of Achilles whom he had convinced to join with Menelaus (King of Spartan) troops in sailing through Troy, and retrieve Helen (mistress of the King) that was abducted by Paris of Troy. Though, he tried to avoid from coming since an oracle prophesized that he’ll be delayed long in returning home if he went, but Palamedes placed his son in front of the plough which forced him to go. He became one of the most trusted advisers and counselors. He helped and brought the battle to victory. Just before the war begun, he accompanied Menelaus and Palemedes in an attempt to negotiate Helen’s peaceful return. Menelaus made unpersuasive emotional arguments, but his arguments almost persuaded the Trojan court to hand her over. He was indeed a hero of the Greek because of his strength and intelligence, his irresistible approach towards negotiations of the land’s boundaries and properties. On the other hand, Achilles was too a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer’s lliad, which takes for its theme the Wrath of Achilles. (http/www: google. com). He was known as the quickest and the most handsome of the heroes assembled against Troy. His great relationship with his friend Patroclus, who wore his armor the time he’s slain by Hector. On the movie â€Å"Troy†, he became more of a hero when he turned back and join the war to save the woman he first held as a captive at the first time they conquered one of the places of Troy. He showed passionate love with the Troy Princess and tried to keep her when King Menelaus invaded and murdered the King of Troy. Though, he presented a hubristic personality, however, his soft side was revealed by the time he fell in love with the Princess, being a good and trusted friend of Patroclus also. Achilles was invulnerable on all his body except for his heel, and was killed in battle by an arrow to the heel. (The movie is very visible on this part. ) Both Odysseus and Achilles were great, intelligent and peerless warriors. They were also in love when they’re forced to join the war. The first saved his son from placing in front of the plough and the later being so brave that he fear no kings, lived according to his will and desire, and went to save his Princess from danger. And though, Achilles was killed during the war and Odysseus was trying to get his armor away from Agamemnon. For me, they are just fair of becoming great models to everyone. They are heroes and great models in their own way and right. Achilles Essay Achilles possesses superhuman strength and has a close relationship with the gods; he has all the marks of a great warrior, and indeed is proved to be the mightiest man in the Achaean army. At the beginning his mind is calm and collected, he stands up justly for the men around him and shows understanding when confronting Agamemnon, however his deep-seated character flaws constantly hinder his ability to act with nobility and integrity constantly. He cannot control his arrogance or the rage that surges up when his pride is injured. This dislikable attribute of his causes him to abandoned his comrades and even pray that the Trojans will slaughter them, all because he has been insulted at the hands of his commander, Agamemnon. Like most Homeric characters, Achilles does not develop significantly over the course of the epic; his state of mind is constantly fluctuating between where his rage is being directed all through the book. Although the death of Patroclus prompts him to seek reconciliation with Agamemnon, it does not lessen his rage, but instead redirects it toward Hector. The event does not make Achilles a more deliberative or self-reflective character. Though his mind is filled with grief and despair over his friend’s death, this only helps fuel his bloodlust, wrath, and pride that continue to consume his mind throughout the epic. He mercilessly mauls his opponents, their bodies filling the river Xanthus, angering the god, which Achilles’ shamelessly takes no note to. He immorally desecrates the body of Hector, and savagely sacrifices twelve Trojan men at the funeral of Patroclus. He does not relent in this brutality until the final book of the epic, when King Priam, begging for the return of Hector’s desecrated corpse, appeals to Achilles’ memory of his father, Peleus. Yet it remains unclear whether a father’s heartbroken pleas really transformed Achilles, or whether this scene merely testifies to Achilles’ acceptance of the god’s words, as he had previously, before Priam’s arrival, been told by Zeus that his morning and defiling of Hectors body was enough. Achilles has a strong sense of social order that in the beginning, manifests itself in his concern for the disorder in the Achaian camp; a deadly plague is destroying the soldiers, and Achilles wants to know the reason why. His king, Agamemnon, will not act, so Achilles decides to act: He calls for an assembly of the entire army. In doing this, Achilles upsets the order of protocol; only Agamemnon can decide to call an assembly, but Achilles does so to try to return order to the Achaian camp. He succeeds, partially. He finds out why the plague is killing hundreds of Achaian soldiers, but in the process, he creates disorder when it is revealed that Agamemnon is responsible for the deadly plague. Thus, Achilles’ attempt to return order to the Achaian camp does little, ultimately, to establish order. Apollo lifts the plague, but after Achilles withdraws himself and his troops from the Achaian army, disorder still remains among the Achaians. Agamemnon, of course, is as guilty of creating the ensuing disorder as Achilles is, but Achilles seems petulant and argumentative. He is undermining the little harmony that does exist. In his argument that Agamemnon receives all the best war prizes and does nothing to earn them, Achilles forgets the valuable prizes that he has received. His rage even causes him to almost attempt to kill Agamemnon, but the goddess Athena saves him from this deed. It should be noted that Achilles does not leave the Achaian army without sufficient reason: Agamemnon demanded to have the maiden Briseis, Achilles’ war prize, and Achilles saw this act as a parallel to Paris’ kidnapping of Helen — he sees himself in the same position as Menelaos. Consequently, the quarrel between himself and Agamemnon is as righteous to him as is the war against the Trojans. But even after Agamemnon offers to return Briseis, along with numerous other gifts, Achilles remains angry, indicating that one of Achilles’ major character flaws is his excessive pride. The gifts that Agamemnon offers do not compensate for the public affront, the public insult Achilles believes he has suffered. A concern for gifts, the reader realizes, is far less important to Achilles than his concern for a proper, honored place in the world. After all, Agamemnon had previously given gifts and then taken them back. He could do so again, so the promise of more gifts is possibly an empty promise. This idea of social status is in keeping with the heroic code by which Achilles has lived, but in his isolation, he comes to question the idea of fighting for glory alone because â€Å"A man dies still if he has done nothing. † The idea developing in Achilles’ mind is that the concept of home (or family) and the individual are both important to society and to a heroic warrior. (Hektor is the embodiment of this view. Some critics see these ideas slowly developing through Achilles’ ability to relate to others on a personal basis, as he does with Patroklos, and as he does in his guest-host relationship with the ambassadors from Agamemnon. However, it is only after Patroklos’ death that these relationships and broader concepts of love begin to become significant for Achilles. Ironically, with the death of Pa troklos, Achilles begins to see life and relationships with other people from a mortal point of view, and at the same time, he is drawing ever closer to the divine aspects of love. He has an obligation to avenge Patroklos’ death, and he realizes his own shortcomings as Patroklos’ protector. He also sees that his sitting by his ships is â€Å"a useless weight on the good land,† something that is causing the deaths of many Achaian warriors. Unfortunately, however, Achilles is unable to see that the Achaians feel his withdrawal as keenly as he now feels the loss of Patroklos. It is Achilles’ anger, whether he is sulking or whether he is violent, this state of mind is paramount throughout most of the epic. Achilles’ violence closes with the death of Hektor and with Achilles’ mutilation of Hektor’s corpse. By now, under Zeus’ firm hand, the gods have moved from their own state of disorder to order. When the gods see Achilles act without any sense of pity for Hektor or his family, they come back into Zeus’ all-wise fold of authority. And eventually, through his mother, Thetis, even Achilles is finally persuaded to acquiesce to Zeus’ will. In the end, Achilles is exhausted. His passions are spent, and he consents to give up Hektor’s corpse.

My Ojt Experience

II. Brief History / Background of the Company / Company Profile The history of this Computer Shop is so inspiring for me because they start in a small business and for being industrious they build a lot of business that make them higher than a eagle. Before we start planning build a computer shop we decided to start selling Shirts, Footwear and some accessories we keep all the money we collect from our small business until we get a place where we can rent for our Computer Shop.We start making computer stands after hat we bought only three (3) Computers and we build our computer shop in the month of June year 2006. One day we start opening our small Computer Shop. Even though I have only here (3) Computers were not expecting that we can have our customers early in the morning even though our price per hour is Twenty Five Pesos (25). In one day we collect only three hundred fifty Pesos (350) but even though that money is too small for us, it is okay because it can help for our business to make It Big. Related article: Theories Actually Seen in Practice in Ojt Information TechnologyWe continue opening our Computer Shop until we buy another Four (4) Computers so we have Seven (7) Computers and because of that we collect a lot of moneys that help us to buy a Printer Machine and a Scanning Machine because of that we are so stressed because there`s a lot of task we do. So we start finding our helper and we find Jiegs Silang he is a High school graduate but he is so intelligent he is a fast learner about computers. He live in Nasugbu Batangas he is our helper until our Computer Shop becomes one year.We decided to name our Computer Shop and the name of it is Awoor Open Kalate Compuer Repair Shop, we decide to that name because we also repairs computer like Formatting and PC Assembling. This business is so amazing because it helps to give education to my children we continue managing our Computer Shop until we collect moneys o buy six (6) Computers so that we have a total of 13 Computers. We complete our computers in he year of 2011.We are so happy and thankful because we’re not expecting that our business will become long and then we add some small business like Master Shomai, Coco Prince add some, Fish Ball, Kikiam and Kwek Kwek Stall. In the year 2012 were not expecting that the small business we add will become large until we fund a lot helpers, like Michael Silang, Accelle Joy, Darwin Silang and John Paul Montales. They are he one who helps us to build and to manage our business which is seven years from 2006 until 2013 even though we reach seven years we did not decide to stop our business because it help me to have a Good Life.III. Summary of the OJT Experience The Trainee is Mr. John Paul Noveno Montales, On-the-job training is one of the requirements of any students taking up the Diploma in Computer Electronics and Technology. I started in my OJT on month of July 07, 2012 and in this month of July I'm pretty well trained to work here because I worked here before and today I start to OJT I achieved like Hard disk drive of the computer is broken and for this work I replaced another Hard disk drive.I also have other achievement such as typing a very long story, laminate of ten pieces of ID pictures, Xerox of one piece of English book and of course all of this were done and completed. And month of August I also have other achievement like if the power supply of the computer is loss and for this work again I replaced another power supply and finally the power supply of the computer is working again.Throughout the month of august I also have other achievement like the ram or memory of the computer is not working for short it was loss and I did this it should be to clean up the memory using a pencil eraser to work it again. Month of August I am still typing a very long story of a parable, Xerox of ten pieces Diploma, ten pieces of Birth Certificate, ten pieces of Bio – Data and laminate five pieces of ID pictures and of course all of this were completed.And now in month of September I’m very happy because my supervisor was promote me to a computer assistant and this I recounted my parents that I was promoted to a computer assistant. I also have another achievement of this month of September like Xerox, printing, laminate and typing another long story of the parable that just as I had done previously. The last time that I’m attend in month of September 30, 2012 I stopped to attend the OJT because I’m very busy to make my project in my major subject and I also review my minor subject and major subject for this coming final exam.The month of November I will begin again to attend the OJT because now I have time to OJT because I`m not too busy in school and my supervisor was very glad because I was able to return to OJT again and I was very glad also. I made this month of November was reformatting ten pieces of computer on the other comp shop but it was owned by my supervisor and I made i t two days because relatively long after I reformat and Installed drivers and games of course I finished all do ten pieces of computer and it will be open to earn money.And this month of December I still did OJT and I experienced our Xerox machine was broken and exactly two man who want to undergo Xerox a whole book, and ten pieces of Bio – data and I do not know how to fix the Xerox machine and I call my supervisor to say that the Xerox machine is broken and my supervisor said wait for me to fix the Xerox machine and I told to the customer who want to undergo Xerox was not available but after a few minutes my supervisor came to his shop to fix it and I’m happy for that.I stopped again to attend the OJT and this was the Second time to stop to attend my OJT because that time was to prepare for Christmas and of course this was the day we have a family gathering together sometimes we just take along – together and that only occurs when there is an occasion like Chr istmas. I started again to attend my OJT because I`m not busy in my family and now I have time to attend my OJT and today I will do what should I do like Xerox five pieces of documents and PC assembling.Now I stopped again to attend my OJT and this is the Third time to stop to attend my OJT because today was New Year’s Day and I'm happy because this was the day we have a family gathering together again and of course we all have families complete and by twelve o'clock in the morning We watched fireworks in the sky and then we all eat together.And this month of January I started again to attend my OJT and I also achieved like formatting a computer, pc assembling, and I experienced our motherboard of the system unit were overheat and because it was broken and it was not available so I just replaced another motherboard for it to work again and I’m happy because the motherboard of the system unit was working so we can use it and now that the time of my OJT was near I spent my days only to complete my OJT and I was very glad because the seven months I spent hours on the comp shop I was fully finished my OJT.A. New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired The first that I had learned in the Awoor Open Kalate Computer Repair Shop is to be a hard working person and to be a responsible to all things that should I do. I also learned how to fix Xerox Machine and how to use it. It was so easy to Xerox but in my OJT experience it was so hard if there were a lot of papers to be done and I was so glad that I learn how to use it. I also applied at the Comp shop my knowledge in computer when I was high school. Sometimes it was so boring and tedious to have my OJT because I am lone and don’t have friends to talk but the only thing that I did was play some music and watching movies it was my doings when I am bored and tedious it was why don’t stop my OJT and to accomplish my goals in my life and I need to finish my OJT for my family. B. Theories actua lly seen in practice I realized that if there was an OJT was not so easy, tedious, made me being lazy I felt it when I am doing a lot or you had nothing to do but I made it by pushing myself to did my jobs and to push myself to be a hard working person.I also learned that in all aspects of problems there was a solution. I also push myself not to stop my OJT and not to stop to fix my problems that I encountered. Now, if I have a problems that I can’t solve I pursue to make it and to be successful to my OJT instead of giving up I will make my best to be a successful person. C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution When I started my OJT my supervisor ask me that what I can do to his computer shop or if I know something about in computers.I said yes to my supervisor I have know something to computers and I said to my supervisor that if there was a thing that I didn’t know was to betray my supervisor and I said to my supervisor that I am fast learner. I a lso said to my supervisor that I can help more to his computer shop because I am getting better when I am doing something and practice for it and I am good in some jobs like typing some documents and repairing computers. I enjoy my OJT.In some doings I am compatible with my OJT because I had some ideas to help to my OJT and I experienced the others problems so my OJT was not so hard at all. D. Benefits gained The benefits that the trainee learns at the Awoor Open Kalate Computer Repair Shop are as follows: to be discipline at the work and to be responsible and intelligent, must always be on time, and to be patient with the customer should come. I started to my OJT I learned to be responsible to all aspects and to be diligent, hard working and of course to be friendly and patient.I promise to myself that I will not forget what I learned. I will remember it until I am alive and use it to all things that can apply because of you have this attitude you can recognize by others. It will b e applicable when I friends or I have my own job and to my fellow workers. In what I learned to my OJT and to my loving parents I will use to all things in my life and I am so proud that I learned. I will do my best to be a successful man to have good and peaceful life. E. Problems encounteredThe problem that the trainee encountered at the Awoor Open Kalate Computer Shop is the Xerox machine was broken and exactly two man who want to undergo Xerox a whole book, and ten pieces of Bio – data and I do not know how to fix the Xerox machine and I call my supervisor to say that the Xerox machine is broken and my supervisor said wait for me to fix the Xerox machine and I told to the customer who want to undergo Xerox was not available but after a few minutes my supervisor came to his shop to fix it and I’m happy for that.

Digestion and Important Functions

Anatomy &  Physiology Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into smaller pieces so that the  body can use them to build and  nourish cells and to provide energy. Digestion involves the mixing of food, its movement through the  digestive tract (also known as the alimentary canal), and  the chemical breakdown of larger molecules into  smaller molecules. Every  piece of food we eat has to  be broken down into smaller nutrients that the body can absorb, which is why it takes hours to fully digest food. The digestive system is made up of the digestive tract.This consists of a long  tube of  organs that runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, together with the liver  , gall  bladder  , and  pancreas, which  produce important secretions for digestion that drain into the small intestine. The digestive tract in an adult is about 30  feet long. Mouth and Salivary Glands Digestion – begins in  the mouth, where chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Saliva or spit, produced  by the salivary glands (located under  the tongue and near the lower  Ã‚  jaw), is released into the mouth.Saliva begins to break down the food, moistening it and making it easier to  swallow. A digestive enzyme(called amylase) in the saliva begins to break  down the carbohydrates(starches and sugars). One of the most important functions of the mouth is  chewing. Chewing allows food to be mashed into a soft mass that is easier to swallow and digest later. Esophagus – Once food is swallowed, it enters the esophagus, a muscular tube that is about10 inches long. The esophagus is located between the throat and the stomach. Muscular  wavelike contractions known as peristalsis push the food down through  the esophagus to the stomach.A muscular ring (called the cardiac sphincter) at the end of the esophagus allows food to enter the stomach, and, then, it  sque ezes shut to prevent food and fluid from going back up the esophagus. Stomach – a J-shaped organt hat lies between the esophagus and the small intestine in the upper  abdomen. The stomach has 3 main functions: to  store the swallowed food and liquid; to mix up the food,  liquid, and digestive juices produced by the stomach; and to slowly empty its contents into the  small intestine. Small Intestine – Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the small intestine.The small intestine is a narrow,  twisting tube that occupies most of  the lower abdomen between the stomach and the beginning of the large  intestine. It extends about 20 feet in length. The small intestine consists of 3 parts: the duodenum (the C-shaped part), the  jejunum  (the coiled midsection), and the ileum(the last section). The small  intestine has 2 important functions. First, the digestive process is completed here  by enzymes and other substances made by intestinal cells, the pancreas, and  the liver. Glands in the  intestine walls secrete enzymes that breakdown starches and sugars.The pancreas secretes enzymes into the  small intestine that help  breakdown carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The liver produces  bile, which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps to make fat molecules (which otherwise arenot soluble in water) soluble, so they can be absorbed by  the body. Second, the small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the digestive process. The inner wall of the small lintestine is covered by millions of  tiny fingerlike projections called villi. The villi are covered with even tinier projections called microvilli.The  combination of villi and microvilli increase the surface area of  the small intestine greatly, allowing absorption of  nutrients to occur. Undigested material travels next  to the large intestine. Large intestine – forms an upside down U over  the coiled small intestine. It begins at the lower rig ht-hand side of the body and ends  on the lower left-hand side. The large intestine is about 5-6 feet long. It  has 3 parts: the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. The cecum is a  pouch at the beginning of the  large intestine. This area allows food to pass from the small intestine to the large intestine.The colon is where fluids and salts are absorbed and extends from the cecum to the rectum. The  last part of the large intestine is the rectum, which is where feces(waste material) is stored before leaving the body through the anus. The main  job of the large intestine is to  remove water and salts (electrolytes) from the undigested material and to form solid waste that can be excreted. Bacteria in the large intestine help to  break down the  undigested materials. The remaining contents of the  large intestine are moved toward the rectum, where feces are stored until they leave the body through the anus as a  bowel movement.

Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Euro Area Essay

Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Euro Area - Essay Example At its beginning stage, in 1990 the EU has made the free capital movement within the euro area and formation of a single market certain. In the second stage the EU introduced the formation of the European Monetary Institute (EMI) in the period of 1994-1999, which is the pioneer of the European Central Bank (ECB). The third and final stage has been traced by introducing the euro currency along with a single and common monetary policy of the European Central Bank in the euro area. It is noted that though each of the member of the EU are also the elements of the EMU, however, the euro area does not consist of all the EU countries. Only the members who have considered the euro as their currency have been incorporated in the euro area. Only these countries are liable towards the ECB’s monetary policy. Except the UK and Denmark, all the member countries of EU have been entailed to become a part of the euro area by meeting the criteria regarding the specific economic convergence stan dards. The policies regarding the economic surveillances under the framework of the EMU demand that all members should guarantee the harmonization of their economic policies. Beside they are required to grant their mutual supervision of the union and reveal the regulations related with their financial as well as budgetary policies. With the provision of monetary policy, the stability of the single currency, the euro, is supported and emphasized. However, considering the strategy requirements towards the arrangements of pensions, labor or capital market, the fiscal policy, the policies of taxes and expenditures, remains under the control of the individual state governments of the member countries. But for functioning of the EMU directions effectively in accordance with its requisite, a supportive public finance is necessary along with supple and assimilated labor, product, and financial markets. Governments of all the member countries are required to sustain their

Research on Female President Election in US Paper

On Female President Election in US - Research Paper Example Gender stereotypes give preference to a given gender to hold a political position. Some studies show that gender stereotype is a factor that influences presidential elections in developed counties (Watson 503). Some people feel that women are not able to make tough decisions. The research presented in this paper evaluates public opinion as influenced by gender bias in electing a woman. The paper evaluates how gender stereotype influences election in United States by using data obtained from opinion polls. Women featured in presidential ticket campaigns, yet they were not able to clinch the tickets in their parties. The research wants to investigate whether gender stereotypes influenced voting for the female candidate. The findings of the research would suggest how political like would influence presidential politics in capitalist nations and how gender gap influences US presidential politics. The State of the Literature Gender attitude dictate political action in a society. Women demonstrate views, which tend to support candidates with liberal views (Watson 505). Male counterpart demonstrates conservative views to political issues. The difference constituted by these varying thoughts influence media representation of women in American politics. Modern politics stress on policies than propaganda or vain saying exhibited in the past. Theorists have mentioned various factors to propagate gender gaps in the society, which include modernization, attitude differences, and secularization. Apparently, cultural aspects defined various roles in the society. The advent of modernization opened a new chapter to women especially the role of a woman in the community. In pre industrial age, women task was to bear children and take care of their homes. Women effort in economic growth and societal development in the modern society is evident through active participation of women. Women lead in various political and n on-political offices, discharging duties, which contribute to economic growth. Studies show that women take part in active politics in various developed countries than they do in developing countries (Leighley 8). Liberalization of political system in these countries is a factor that has contributed to the liberal representations by women. Scholars argue that many factors contribute to liberal views that women poses. Factors such as pervasiveness, high poverty level among women, sexual discrimination, and other related factors influence liberal views of women. Societal changes suggest the existence of gender gaps in the society. Society has reverted social structure in which women served as servants to men (Watson 256). Participation in workforce among women is among changes in social structures that women boost of today. Gender gap is evident because many changes in social structure advocated for equal participation. Research on nations, which have not embraced changes in their soc ial structure, reveals that women position in the traditional society has not changed. Various studies attribute different factors as constraints to that

The Worship Of Goddesses And The Place Of Women In Hinduism Essay

The Worship Of Goddesses And The Place Of Women In Hinduism - Essay Example It is worth to note that unlike other religious faiths like Islam, Christianity among others, Hinduism attach a lot of significances to the female . Their inherent belief in the goddess puts them at a relatively better position when it comes to gender parity in religious activities participation. It would be strange to note that in most religious groups give women less important roles as they are considered lesser beings. This is contrary to the Hinduism that has a long standing history of a strong belief in the goddess. Critical analysis of the Hinduism faith gives an insight into the significance of religion in the overall cultural organization of any society . It is notable that the better part of the lifestyle and way of doing things among the members of this faith is derived from their deep rooted religious doctrines . Within the tenets of their tradition is involvement of women in the worship process and continued belief in existence of supreme God and goddess. Several scholarly works indicates that in the Hindu mythology there are both gods and goddesses. The divine, Ardhanarishvara, is drawn as half man and half woman. The right side is Shiva and the left side is Pavarati. The purpose of the drawing is to show that the divine consist of both a male and a female side and that these two are equally important. This can be seen as a starting point for equality between men and women which at least recognize the place of women in this society as compared to other faiths3. In ancient India, women oc cupied a very important position, in fact a superior position to, men. It is a culture whose only words for strength and power are feminine -"Shakti'' means "power'' and "strength.'' All male power comes from the feminine. Literary evidence suggests that kings and towns were destroyed because a single woman was wronged by the state. For example, Valmiki's Ramayana teaches us that Ravana and his entire clan was wiped out because he abducted Sita4. Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha teaches us that all the Kauravas were killed because they humiliated Draupadi in public. Elango Adigal's Sillapathigaram teaches us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was burnt because Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan mistakenly killed her husband on theft charges. It can therefore be seen that the female occupy a recognizable position in the family and the community at large. In Vedic times women and men were equal as far as education and religion was concerned. Women participated in the public sacrifices alongside men. On e text mentions a female rishi Visvara. Some Vedic hymns, are attributed to women such as Apala, the daughter of Atri, Ghosa, the daughter of Kaksivant or Indrani, the wife of Indra. Apparently in early Vedic times women also received the sacred thread and could study the Vedas 5. The Haritasmrti mentions a class of women called brahmavadinis who remained unmarried and spent their lives in study and ritual. Panini's distinction between arcarya (a lady teacher) and acaryani (a teacher's wife), and upadhyaya (a woman preceptor) and upadhyayani ( a preceptor's wife) indicates that women at that time could not only be students but also teachers of sacred lore. He mentions the names of several noteworthy women scholars of the past such as Kathi, Kalapi, and Bahvici. The Upanishads refer to several women philosophers, who disputed with their male colleagues such as Vacaknavi, who challenged Yajnavalkya 6. The Rig Veda also refers to women engaged in warfare. One queen Bispala is mentioned , and even as late a witness as Megasthenes (fifth century B.C. E.) mentions

Personal and Professional Qualities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal and Professional Qualities - Essay Example Professional competences include knowledge and understanding of children and their learning, subject knowledge, curriculum, the education system and the teacher's role." (Birgitte). As a person who wishes to enjoy great professional success, there are certain well-determined personal and professional qualities and characteristics which I would like the principle to recognize in me. These include, among many others, Passion, Strong interpersonal skills, and Humor. Similarly, there are some basic characteristics I seek to find in a school environment which I consider essential for the development of my personal and professional qualities. As a teacher with high motivation for personal and professional development, I would like to find certain well defined characteristics in the school where I teach. These characteristics of the school include, first of all, an environment for teacher training/staff development; second, accessible administration, i.e. principal and assistant principal s hould be visible and approachable to both staff and students; and finally, a safe working environment for staff and students where materials necessary to learning, such as books, computers etc should be available. Therefore, as a personal and professional achiever and a teacher who always meet the requirements of the students as well as the school, my specific personal and professional qualities and characteristics are well defined. Essentially, the principal always prefer those staff members who are great teachers with ability to meet the needs of their students. Therefore, the qualities of passion, strong interpersonal skills, and humor can be decisive in the success of my professional life. These are the qualities which I possess as a teaching staff and I wish my principal to recognize them. Only a teacher with great passion for student's affairs and development can influence and meet their varied needs. It is essential, therefore, to have a reputation as a greatly committed teacher with positive approach and a passion and zest towards the teaching profession. Similarly, I strongly feel that the teacher needs to possess strong interpersonal skills to effectively interact with colleagues and students in order to be successful in the career. From my personal experience, I can guarantee that a teacher with high interpersonal skills will develop a greater rapport with the principal, other staff members and the students which determines a person's success as an effective teacher. Therefore, I would want the principal to recognize my strong interpersonal skills, along with my passion and humor. It is also of significant value in the modern stressful life to possess a sense of humor which will ease the hardest of the situations. However, my personal experience confirms that one should be careful and situation-bound in the exercising of one's humor which has immense influence on the success in teaching life. Finally, three most important characteristics I am looking for in the school where I may teach include provision for teacher training/staff development, easily accessible administration, and safe working environment for staff and students. These are of prime significance as they contribute heavily to the best maintenance of one's career record. I wish to have a friendly atmosphere in the school whe

UNIT 3 DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 3 DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example Many argue that doing investment on stock market exchange is a profitable business but only by organization that trade large volumes of securities such as banks, mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, college endowment funds, etc. can win. One must not finally close doors and make some consideration by taking risk-return evaluation. The relationship between risk and return is one of the essential concepts to understand when investing—and it is  unique for every investor. While some investors may be willing to withstand a higher level of market volatility, others prefer a more conservative approach.   What is crucial to understands is your risk profile and how  it translates into a disciplined approach to investing. Risk, generally equated with the potential of an investment to generate financial loss, is a point to consider when engaging investments. Return is the usual measure of performance. As investments that offer higher potential for total return generally carry a higher potential for risk, informed investors do not simply seek to maximize returns. Instead, they focus on risk-adjusted returns, that is, the potential  returns that correspond to the level of risk with which they are comfortable. Risk tolerance is highly individual, based on a mix of subjective traits and objective circumstances. Your personal risk tolerance can be influenced by current world events, your own investment experiences—even your inherited views on saving and investing. To help you make suitable investment decisions, it is important that you work with a financial advisor who understands your ability to tolerate risk as well as the factors that affect your decisions. A financial plan is a great starting point. Your financial advisor can work with you to create a ample plan that addresses your long-term goals, while keeping in mind your short-range

COMMERCIAL AWARENESS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Essay

COMMERCIAL AWARENESS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - Essay Example that professional ethics is a constant feature in the legal profession, modern legal practice has attracted renewed attention to how professional ethics applies to the profession. For example, while discourse on professional ethics in legal practice tended to focus more on sensational cases such as lawyers knowingly keeping a secret that is life-threatening, some modern scholars are advocating for an interpretive approach that focuses on ordinary cases. According to Markovits, using sensational cases to analyze or evaluate professional ethics in the legal practice is contrary to the principle that ‘great cases make bad laws’.1 The purpose of this paper is to assess the content and role of ethics in modern legal practice. Ethics is a broad topic. Even within the legal practice, the subject of ethics covers a wide range of issues and areas. There are volumes of books, articles, and publications on professional ethics as it applies to the legal practice. However, to understand the general content of ethics in the modern legal practice, it is important to focus narrowly on some of the most recent discourses on ethics. In this respect, the paper will focus on the Model Code developed and administered by the American Bar Association (ABA). Some of the main ethical issues contain the Model Code of client-lawyer relationship, professional integrity, and information management. It is worth noting that the Model Code has undergone various revisions to fit the modern legal practice because the original canons were specifically meant for the legal practice in the past.2 Under professional ethics for practicing lawyers, one of the fundamental principles is the need for a professional and confidential relationship between the lawyer and the client. Under this ethical principle, several issues are covered including confidentiality, fees, conflicts of interest, and professionalism. For instance, it would be considered unethical for a lawyer to engage with a client with whom

Art as Part of Culture Poses as an Obstruction for Globalisation Assignment

Art as Part of Culture Poses as an Obstruction for Globalisation - Assignment Example The definitions of art and culture are seemingly contrasting to the definition of globalisation, which in turn is defined as the compression and stretching of geographical spaces resulting to a borderless economy characterized by technology, information exchanges, knowledge economy and capital flow thus breaking down the barriers between nations expanding trade opportunities, eliminating monopolies and protectionist policies. (Mullard 83) Globalisation was generally perceived in a negative light more specifically on the economy of a nation. On the aspect of culture, adverse effects of globalization anticipated by nations are the corruption of a nation’s principles, loss of national identity and values as well as a threat to national security. These worries, however, are contested by explanations that the seemingly adverse effect of corrupting the nation’s principles would need the constant reminder of the importance of a nation’s heritage and culture as well as promoting national pride. Concerning national security, this serves as a challenge to improve safety measures of a nation. The definitions of art and culture that generally point towards the individuality of a nation have some disparities with the purpose of globalization to create one nation, which in some ways may need to intermingle some of the cultural differences among nations and in the process some of these cultural values may be compromised. In Hou Hanru’s statement saying, â€Å"To promote cultural difference and hybridity in contemporary art, one must first and foremost consider the need to create alternative contexts.† (Mullard 37) globalization in art does not require compromising a nation’s heritage instead, some alternative approach can be done to still preserve distinct cultures while building cultural crossbreeds in the art that are acceptable for diverse nations. Through ages, art has significantly depicted a country’s identity and rich culture.

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Example for Free

Music and Tourism in Scotland Essay Scottish Tourism bloomed in the 1990s due to major cultural changes in society. Scotland began to create a new identity through the use of media that promoted the social and cultural attributes of the country. Scotland’s home-grown artists were used as a voice at the forefront of the promotion of Scotland’s culture and heritage to world tourism. My essay will consider a range of issues surrounding the relationship between Scottish tourism and the development of Scottish music during the 1990s. It will consider the artists and songs that played a key role in the development of Scotland’s national identity through outlining particular advertising campaigns used to promote for Scottish tourism. My essay will also discuss the future plans for Scottish Tourism and how music will be part of them. Scottish Music and Scottish Tourism Tourism contributes an enormous part of the economy in Scotland – boasting a visitor spend of approximately  £4b per year. As a tourist destination, Scotland boasts idyllic opportunities for its visitors such as the hillwalking the Munro Mountains, fishing the River Tay, immersing in the history of Edinburgh or Stirling and admiring the cultural diversities of Glasgow. These opportunities are realised and exploited by Government body: Creative Scotland, which was set up in 1993 and is dedicated to supporting the promotion of culture in Scotland on both national and international levels. Creative Scotland support the current Scottish Governments Corporate Plan, which promises: ‘To focus Government and public services on creating a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable economic growth.’ Scotland has developed an exceedingly strong worldwide reputation for its diverse culture and is continuing to do so by championing music and the arts through large scale events and festivals such as Celtic Connections, a relatively new festival of traditional Scottish music which is exclusively held across a number of high-profile venues in Glasgow including the flagship Glasgow Royal Concert Hall which was opened as part of the cultural renaissance of Glasgow in 1990 with Glasgow becoming a European City of Culture in 1990. The formation of this festival alone has increased global interest from its multiple televised broadcasts on BBC and HD and a promotional tour to Chicago in 2012 during the Ryder Cup at the nearby Merdinah Country Club. Another notable festival is T in the Park which is sponsored by Scottish Brewery; Tennents. Established in Glasgow in 1993, the festival will celebrate its 20th anniversary in 2013 and showcases international artists with a focus on new and established Scottish acts such as Scottish Band; Travis, who gained international recognition through performing at the festival from 1994 as an unsigned band and subsequently becoming a headlining act of the festival in 2000. The festival moved to Perthshire in 1997 and politicians in the area were united to promote ‘A Soundtrack for Scotland’s Tourism’, linking traditional music and tourism and diversifying the tourist industry. The festival attracts 85,000 people from all over Britain and in some cases worldwide, to Fife, Scotland, the festival has become: ‘One of the most important and critically acclaimed music events on the international festival circuit.’ The festival has been televised on BBC and footage of the festival includes shots of the backdrop landscape of Kinross and Fife regions. Promoting Scottish Nationalism and Tourism with Music in Sports Branding Branded produce from Scotland provided the tourism sector with an indirect source of advertising the heritage and culture of Scotland during the 1990s. Many advertising campaigns were televised; in particular for the alcohol industry, which used iconic songs synced with images of rural and urban Scottish landscapes which helped create an escapist image of Scotland. An example of this would be Tennents’ Lager, who used Dougie Maclean’s song Caledonia against the imagery of a grimy busy city with arrogant people compared to the contrasting escapist, social, warm and friendly atmosphere of a public house in Edinburgh The sense of nationalism and pride in the cultural diversity in Scotland went from strength to strength in the early 1990s. Scotland celebrated a period of excellence in sport on a global scale which also helped boost the number of visitors to the country. Although Scotland’s national football team failed to advance through the group stages of all the World Cup tournaments in the 1990s including Italy, USA and France respectively, Scotland’s national Rugby team celebrated international success, beating England 13-7 in the 1990 Five Nations Grand Slam. This event penned The Corries lament: ‘Flower of Scotland’ as the unofficial national anthem of Scotland, boosting the national pride and identity and has been used ever since at most sporting events. The song was written to: ‘Kindle a new awareness of what is being lost and what can be regained. Scotland’s resistance, not its defeat is stressed here.’ Another notable use of Scottish music for advertising Scottish Tourism is the 1997 television campaign which used The Silencers version of Wild Mountain Thyme, which is a traditional piece of music popularised by the particular advert which featured iconic scenes of Scotland’s rural landscapes, castles and activities such as travel, surfing and walking. The advert quoted Scottish Poet Norman MacCaig who wrote about Scotland: ‘Only mens minds could have unmapped into abstraction such a territory.’ Another song of note which relates to a worldwide audience and captures the picturesque imagery of Scottish landscapes would be Runrig’s version of the traditional Scots Lament; ‘Loch Lomond’, which was voted as Scotland’s best song by a reader poll in Scottish publication The List in 2008, beating Dignity by Deacon Blue, Caledonia by Dougie MacLean and 500 Miles by the Proclaimers, all of whom are regarded as Scottish Nationalist artists with Pete Wishart, Keyboardist of Runrig being elected as an SNP MP at Westminster in 2001. Conclusion The Future of Scottish Nationalism and Tourism Scotland’s culture and heritage will continue to grow in the tourism spotlight through the commitment of Creative Scotland and its relationship with VisitScotland which is evident from its goals: ‘Creative Scotland’s ambition is to see Scotland as one of the world’s most creative nations by 2020.’ An example of this commitment is apparent as 2012 is the ‘Year of Creative Scotland’ which continues the celebrations of Scottish culture and promotes it to the world through festivals such as the Sound Festival which will be held over October and November and aims to bring visitors to the North East areas of Scotland to enjoy alternative music of Scotland. The internet has increasingly become a major role in the promotion of Scotland’s live music events with internet website; www.visitscotland.co.uk, acting as the information and marketing gateway for prospective visitors to find information, link to external websites such as event homepages and furthermore, purchase event tickets directly with great ease. Glasgow will again become City Of Culture in 2014 and will host the Commonwealth Games and the Ryder Cup, which will be an ideal opportunity for sports and Scottish music to join forces once again.